The Relationship between the investment in Petrochemical Industries Research Proposal

The Relationship between the investment in Petrochemical Industries and Economic Development - Research Proposal Example Changing the production means refers to the correction of faults in the structure of the economy or elimination that problem (Omar Mohyee Adeen, 1976). One of the major factors that affect the changes in the national economy is that of investment decisions (Krosinsky, and Robins, 2008). Often the discovery of an abundant natural resource in one country leads to tremendous investment in the resource and decline in the manufacturing sector. This scenario which is called the Dutch disease is a common effect in developing as well as developed countries. It is necessary that the development of an industry following the discovery of a natural resource is accompanied with a balanced development of manufacturing and the small industries. This will lead to generation of employment and diversification of the source’s income. With the availability of abundant raw materials, natural gas and cheap workforce the petrochemical industry is the best industry that shall be developed to grow the economy (Rooney, 2005; Sari, 2009). With this framework, it will be interesting to analyze if there is any relationship between the investments in petrochemical industry and economic growth. Besides this, the author will try to find out the possibility of a Dutch Disease taking place in the Libyan economy. The author will also try to find out the possible ways to prevent it and achieve a balanced growth of economy. The aim of this research is to understand and explore the potential impact of the discovery of petrochemical industry resources in Libya. The author aims to achieve the following objectives through the research: The effect of the development of petrochemical industry on other industrial sector’s size and profitability. In particular, the author aims to find out the affect on smaller and manufacturing industries. Often, the discovery of a natural resource in abundance leads to high economic

Educational Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Educational Philosophy Essay Human nature is the product of ones environment. Change the environment to change the behavior. Reinforce good behavior, punish bad behavior Conservation of cultural heritage preserves the wisdom of the achievements of humankind. Behavior evolves within the conditioning influence of the institutional system, tradition is the repository of a collective social intelligence. Constructivism is an educational methodology which asserts that learners should be taught in a way that allows them to construct their own understandings about a subject. The purpose of the teacher is not to cover material but to help the child uncover the facts and ideas in a subject area. Essentialists believe that children should learn traditional basic subjects. (Reading, Writing, Literature, Foreign Languages, History, Math, Science, Art, and Music. ) Generally teaches children progressively, from less complex skills to more complex. Schools should transmit the traditional moral values and intellectual knowledge that students need to become model citizens. Focus is on basic skills. Existentialism rejects the existence of any source of objective, authoritative truth about metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. Do not accept any predetermined creed or philosophical system and from that try to define who we are. Aim for the progressing of humanity. Use independent thinking. It engages the student in central questions of defiming life and who we are. Answers imposed from the outside may not be real answers. The only real answers are the ones that come from inside each person, that are authentically his or her own. For the existentialist, there exists no universal form of human nature; each of us has the free will to develop as we see fit. â€Å"Stimulate learners to achieve a more vital and fuller identification with the Absolute Mind or the Macrocosm Students come into a gradually expanding mental awareness that leads to self-definition based on a comprehensive understanding or perspective of the universe. † (Gutek, p21) Liberalism focuses on the individual. Ideas come from experience. Sensation and reflection create learning. Behavior Modification Conserve/preserve heritage. Constructivism Essentialism Willaim C. Bagley Arthur Bestor Existentialism Idealism Plato Liberalism John Locke Marxism Karl Marx Marxism promotes socialism, as opposed to capitalism where one class oppresses another. Education is use d to change society. Naturalism Rousseau The child should develop in the natural way s/he is designed, guiding the process Perennialism Perennialism Robert M. Hutchins Perennialists believe that one should teach the things of everlasting importance to all people everywhere. They believe that the most important topics develop a person. Philosophy is improtant to study. Studens should learn principles, not facts, teach scientific reasoning, not facts. Teach first about humans, not machines or techniques.. Perennialism focuses first on personal development. Prepared for ED828 Educational Philosophies and Change Jean Marrapodi †¢ Capella University †¢ September 2003 Construct new ideas Back to the Basics What is real? Striving for the ideal Blank slate of individual experience All for all Natural development of the child Like perennial flowers, great principles repeat Educational Philosophies. Philosophy Pragmatism Philosophers Beliefs Key Thought John Dewey Scientific problem solving, experiential learning Progressivism William Kilpatrick Realism Aristotle â€Å"Ideas were to be judged by their consequences when acted on; truth was a warranted assertion, a tentative statement based on the application of hypotheses to solving problems; logic, following the scientific method was experimental; values were experienced within the context of ethical and aesthetic problems and issues charged by the unique features of particular situations. † Gutek, p 77. Progressivists believe that education must be based on the fact that humans are social animals who learn best in real-life activities with other people. Teachers provide not just reading and drill, but also real-world experiences and activities that center around the real life of the students. Discovery follows the scientific method: 1. Become aware of the problem. 2. Define the problem. 3. Propose hypotheses to solve it. 4. Test the consequences of the hypotheses from ones past experience. 5. Test the most likely solution. â€Å"Cultivate human rationality, the human’s highest power, through the study of organized bodies of knowledge†¦encourage human beings to define themselves by framing their choices rationally, to realize themselves by exercising their potentiality for excellence to the fullest, and to integrate themselves by ordering the various roles and claims of life according to a rational an hierarchical order. † Gutek, p 41 Education should examine, define the problems and change the social structure of society. Rebuilding Society George S. Counts Social Reconstructionism. Learn by Doing! Rationally real Theistic Realism Thomas Aquinas Similar to realism, but God is central God in the core Totalitarianism Adolph Hitler Totalitarianism is a political system in which a citizen is totally subject to state authority in all aspects of day-to-day life. Government controls education. Total dependence on government Utopianism Robert Owen A perfect society can be achieved through the education of the young. Perfect society through education Prepared for ED828 Educational Philosophies and Change Jean Marrapodi †¢ Capella University †¢ September 2003.

Marketing Research Paper: Kudler Fine Foods :: Marketing Research Paper

"Kudler Fine Foods has experienced significant growth and is now focused on expanding the services, improving the efficiency of its operations and increasing the consumer purchase cycle as a means to increasing the loyalty and profitability of its consumers" (, ). This paper will justify the importance of marketing research in the development of Kudler Fine Foods marketing strategy and tactics. It will also identify the areas where additional market research is needed and analyze the importance of competitive intelligence and analysis in regards to the development of Kudler Fine Foods marketing strategy and tactics. Kudler is offering parties in the store to show customers how to prepare specialty foods. The draw for the consumers is to be trained by world-renowned chefs, local celebrities, other food experts, and even Kathy Kudler herself, and to be invited to exclusive, upscale events. The anticipated outcomes will be to increase the customer purchase rate of high margin food and beverage items and to get consumer to make an evening at Kudler Fine Foods part of their social network. This increased time in the store will increase the overall revenue per visit and increase the frequency of visits to the store. Consumers will receive multiple entries in high-ticket item contests by bringing a friend to the parties. While the firm’s preference is to have the events in-store, guests can have Kudler cooking classes at their home for a price premium. Programs such as this encourage consumer loyalty and word-of mouth marketing† (, ). As Kudler aims towards higher scale consumers using ins titutional advertising techniques, the draw of consumers would have to be analyzed due to day to day schedules of its consumers. Would consumers take time out of their busy lives to watch Kathy Kudler prepare dishes or would you have to have a high profile chef or celebrity present to actually draw the consumers in? Is Kudler the only establishment providing this feature? Additional research using surveys specifically orientated towards the area of finding out what consumers would visit the store if a well known chef or celebrity provided a cooking class. Knowing that famous chefs or celebrities are not cheap to come by, having consumers extend their stay at the store might outweigh the cost of putting the class on. â€Å"Kudler’s new initiative is tracking purchase behavior at the individual customer level and providing high value incentives through a partnership with a loyalty points program.

Natucket Nectars flyin’ high

I. Identify/Define the Key Issues/Situation AnalysisA. Key issues that will impact the focal firm’s ability to survive, thrive and grow. First Nantucket Nectar has to decide on a strategy on how to achieve increased growth in future. This may include an IPO, being bought by one of the big players in the beverage market or growing organically. Independently on how they achieve this goal, it is most important that they preserve the current spirit of the company. This includes both the inner structures and also the external image of the company.Internally they have to keep up the entrepreneurial spirit, like the nonhierarchical structures, the non-formal dress code and other factors which make Nantucket Nectars a place where â€Å"work is still fun†. On the other side they have to maintain their image of being an independent company which only produces products with the highest quality and not willing to compromise that at any cost. Especially in the case of being sold to a big company, they have to make sure that they are not associated with the buyer but are still seen as the small independent â€Å"good-guy† company.Finally, as the founders have a long term interest in the company, they have to find a way of keeping control of the company, so they should not give away too many of their shares in order to earn a lot now.B. Critical Success Factors (then & now)Their greatest success factor is primarily their great tasting, all natural, high quality product. This product enabled them to get a great and very committed customer base and build up a brand. The current trend of people favoring healthy and natural beverages additionally helps them to grow successfully.Their entrepreneurial spirited and highly motivated team helps them to quickly react to new trends in a constantly evolving market and even with a small marketing budget they showed that they are able to establish their products successfully on the market, mostly using highly creative and alternative marketing tools. Additionally, the story they can build up their  marketing on is much more appealing than that of any of the brands introduced by big companies. While still suffering from low margins, cost will be reduced with greater volumes and more experience in the market.II. Mobilize Strategic Options A. Keep the company and grow organically1. This approach allows the founders to retain control over the company and be able to leverage at best on the image and story developed through the years. They would also be able to secure the job for all the employees who were fundamental in the growth of the firm. This strategy wouldn’t prevent the founders to sell the company in the future, after further increasing its valuation.2. Refusing to sell shares would mean turning down fast growth opportunities and it would be difficult to access the multi-serve distribution, which offers the highest growth possibilities. Furthermore they would not be able to decrease their cost structure, exposing them to the risk of being taken down on price competition by large firms. Finally, there is no certainty that the valuation of the company will increase in the future and an opportunity of selling on these favourable condition may not happen again. B. Go public and do an IPO1. This strategy would represent a fast way of gaining money to invest for growth while at the same time keeping a reasonable degree of control over the company by having a large number of shareholders with few shares. The further growth of the company would permit Azzarello – Chang – Chemali – PalluaEntrepreneurial Management Case 11 – NantucketEoS, thus driving down the costs. In addition, the New Age drinks industry’s favorable market conditions would help increase the valuation of the company on the stock market. 2. An IPO would obviously entail the risk of being  acquired by an undesired company. The process of contacting an investment bank and define valuation would be costly and timeconsuming. In addition, the short-term profits demanded by the investors would be in contrast with the long term orientation of the company. Finally, market conditions may change and this could be a source of stress for the founders and the employees. C. Sell the whole company or part of it to an established firm1. There’s a big interest in the company at the moment, and this can initiate a bidding process that can further drive valuation up.   Many of the possible investors are highly attracted by the industry and, due to a strong need to complement their product portfolio with a New Age product some of them may bid high. Beside money and an improved cost structure, large companies could provide access to a broad distribution network, supermarkets and shelf-space as well as know-how. The founders and their associate still own large part of the company and can leverage on that to keep some control after selling.2. The other side of the coin would be for the founders to lose substantial control over the company after the acquisition. There is also the risk of losing the culture that has characterized and differentiated the firm throughout the years, providing a main source of competitive advantage. In addition, the company could be acquired by a big company with low reputation and this could result in a bad image transfer. Finally, the highly valued employees might be affected by the outcomes of the acquisition.III. RecommendationTo grow business without losing control and company culture, Nantucket should sell its shares to an established company, gaining resources for expansion as well securing their intangible asset. Getting momentum for growingBeing a small company in growing and competitive industry, selling the company enables Nantucket to scale up their business by leveraging the expertise of bidder, including distribution capability, financial strength  and management. Compared to IPO, this approac h allows Nantucket to receive resources for expansion as well as cash inflow. This strategy aligns with the vision of founders for long-term operation goal that would level up the business to a more sustainable level while keeping control of founders on the company.Start developing their own taskforceThe bidding combines the mutual interests for bidders to penetrate the market and for Nantucket to grow in the market. Current situation creates a favorable buying condition and bargaining power for Nantucket which would minimize the loss of control so that Nantucket could still preserve their most important asset of business, the unique brand image and culture. With this good position, Nantucket should carefully choose bidders by to find the expertise that could be leveraged and match their strategic goal.Successful experience of Ben & Jerry and ZapposThe case of Ben& Jerry acquired by Unilever and Zappos acquired by Amazon are two successful precedents of this strategy. After acquisit ion, these two companies were able to operate separately with bidders and secure their valuable intangible assets as well. Ben & Jerry kept running by its social responsibility philosophy and Zappos continued to operate as an independent entity from Amazon, both preserve the intangible asset like brand image and company philosophy.Azzarello – Chang – Chemali – Pallua

Ethnic Groups and Racism Essay

I. INTRODUCTION Race and ethnicity are important concepts in the field of sociology and are ones that are studied a great deal. Race plays a large role in everyday human interactions and sociologists want to study how, why, and what the outcomes are of these interactions. A race is a human population that is believed to be distinct in some way from other humans based on real or imagined physical differences. Racial classifications are rooted in the idea of biological classification of humans according to morphological features such as skin color or facial characteristics. An individual is usually externally classified (meaning someone else makes the classification) into a racial group rather than the individual choosing where they belong as part of their identity. Conceptions of race, as well as specific racial groupings, are often controversial due to their impact on social identity and how those identities influence someone’s position in social hierarchies. Ethnicity, while related to race, refers not to physical characteristics but social traits that are shared by a human population. Some of the social traits often used for ethnic classification include: nationality tribe religious faith shared language shared culture shared traditions Unlike race, ethnicity is not usually externally assigned by other individuals. The term ethnicity focuses more upon a group’s connection to a perceived shared past and culture. II. CONTENT/ CREATIVE REPORT  DEFINITION OF RACE AND ETHNICITY Race is a socially defined category, based on real or perceived biological differences between groups of people. Ethnicity is a socially defined category based on common language, religion, nationality, history or another cultural factor. Sociologists see race and ethnicity as social constructions because they are not rooted in biological differences, they change over time, and they never have firm boundaries. Example: White The distinction between race and ethnicity can be displayed or hidden, depending on individual preferences, while racial identities are always on display. THE SOCIOLOGICAL MEANING OF ETHNIC GROUPS AND RACISM The classification of people into races and ethnic groups carries deep implication on the social and political life of different racial and ethnic groups. These classifications led to the notion of racial superiority and racial inferiority, culturally advanced groups and culturally disadvantaged, the use of derogatory undertones and parody, apartheid policy, discrimination and prejudice, and stereotyping of groups of people. Ethnic conflicts have been regular process within the same territorial borders and among the nations of the world. Ethnic conflicts have been pervasive and dangerous because they cause massive humanitarian suffering, civil wars, and destabilizing effects. Sociologically, â€Å"race† refers to a group of people whom others believe are genetically distinct and whom they treat accordingly. This term is commonly used to refer to physical differences between people brought about by physical characteristics of genetic origin. This commonness of genetic heritage may be manifested in the shape of the head and face, the shape and color of the eyes, the shape of the nose, lips, and ears, the texture and color of the hair, the skin color, height, blood type and other physical characteristics. Among the significant racial categories studied by early social scientists were the Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Negroid, and the subgroups of primary and derived races. Racial differences are seen as physical differences singled out by the community or society as ethnically significant. It is preferable to refer to ethnicity or ethnic groups rather than race for its historical and biological connotations. An ethnic group represents a number of persons who have a common cultural background as evidenced by a feeling of loyalty to a given geographical territory or leader, a feeling of identification with and unity among historical and other group experiences, or a high degree of similarity in social norms, ideas and material objects. Members of ethnic groups see themselves as culturally different from other groups in the society and are viewed by others to be so. SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF MEMBERSHIP IN RACIAL AND ETHNIC GROUPS Membership in racial and ethnic groups influences people’s social status and roles as they interact with others. Physical characteristics, especially skin color and certain distinctive cultural traits, complexes, and patterns, become badges for social and economic status. Frequently, they establish a person’s or groups position in the social stratification system and make up the foundation for prejudice, discrimination, and other forms of differential treatment. Furthermore, when an ethnic group becomes a target of discrimination, such group may utilize the unique physical or cultural traits as the rallying force for promoting common loyalties and enhancing collective action. When people’s definition of physical characteristics greatly affects their relationship, such definitions generally become interlinked with cultural differences. A classic example is the white man’s justification of his technological, economic, political and military superiority. Examples are such ideologies as the God-chosen race, the white man’s burden and more recently, the apartheid policy. Since the early days of the United States, Native Americans, African-Americans and European-Americans were classified as belonging to different races. But the criteria for membership in these races were radically different. For Africans, the government considered anyone with African appearance to be purely African. Native Americans, on the other hand, were classified based on a certain percentage of Indian blood. Finally, European-Americans had to have purely white ancestry. The differing criteria for assigning membership to particular races had relatively little to do with biology; it had far more to do with maintaining a group’s defined roles and position. Racial and ethnic membership leads to a sense of people-hood. By this, we mean a sense of identification with a relatively small segment of the world’s population- those who by virtue of common ancestry or heritage we consider â€Å"our own kind†. Erich Fromm wrote in 1941: â€Å"The identity with nature, clan, religion, gives the individual security. He belongs to, he is rooted in, structuralized whole in which he has an unquestionable place. He may suffer from hunger or suppression, but he does not suffer from worst of all pains- complete aloneness and doubt.† PATTERNS OF ETHNIC GROUP RELATIONS People who occupy a subordinate status are usually called a minority group. What determines a minority group is not the unique racial or ethnics traits nor their great number but the relationship of different groups in the society of which they are a part. A minority group, then is one that, because of the power of differences among the groups, is singled out for unequal treatment in the society. A minority refers to a group which, because of physical and cultural characteristics, occupies a subordinate position in the society and subjected to collective discrimination, in some cases, even segregation, oppression, slavery, peonage, military subjugation, religious persecution, and economic, political, educational, and social suppression. The patterns of ethnic group relations include the following: 1. Patterns of Racism a. Prejudice and discrimination Racism – is behavior that is motivated by the belief that one’s own group is superior to other groups that are set apart on the basis of physical characteristics Structural racism refers to inequalities built into an organization or system. An example of structural racism can be seen in recent research on workplace discrimination.[37] There is widespread discrimination against job applicants whose names were merely perceived as â€Å"sounding black.† These applicants were 50% less likely than candidates perceived as having â€Å"white-sounding names† to receive callbacks for interviews, no matter their level of previous experience. Prejudice – prejudged negative attitude or opinion about a group without bothering to  verify the merits of the opinion or judgment The relationship between prejudice and discrimination is complex. Robert Merton’s study and typology of the relationship between prejudice and discrimination Four patterns 1. Unprejudiced nondiscriminatory – integration 2. Unprejudiced and discriminatory – institutional discrimination 3. Prejudiced and nondiscriminatory – latent bigotry 4. Prejudiced and discriminatory – outright bigotry In his study, (1974), Bulatao listed impressions on some ethnic groups by respondents from five Philippine cities: Ilocanos and Chinese were viewed as most industrious, serious, thrifty; Tagalogs, progressive; Bicolanos and Cebuanos, humble, friendly, warm, and peaceful; Warays, lazy but strong; and Ilongos, proud and extravagant. b. Discrimination refers to the act of disqualifying or mistreating people on the basis of their group membership or on ascriptive rounds rationally irrelevant to the situation. Whereas prejudice is a state of mind, discrimination is actual behavior. Prejudice and discrimination work hand in hand to create and sustain racial and ethnic stratification, (Jarry J. 1987) THEORIES OF PREJUDICE Light gives the following explanations on the origin of prejudice: 1. Economic Theory- assumes that racial prejudice is a social attitude transmitted by the dominant ethnic majority class for the purpose of stigmatizing some group s as inferior so that the exploitation of the group resources will be justified. 2. Symbolic Theory- asserts that prejudice arises because a racial or ethnic group is a symbol of what people hate, fear, or envy. 3. Scapegoat theory- maintains that human beings are reluctant to accept their mistakes for their troubles and failures so they look for an ethnic-minority to shoulder the blame. 4. Social norm theory- asserts that ethnocentrism is a natural development of group living. Hatred and suspicion for the out-group are the standard and normal way of doing things, particularly in dealing with people. c. Stereotypes are often simplified and unsupported generalizations about others and are used indiscriminately for all cases. A few examples are Ilokano, â€Å"bantay kuako† (heavy smokers) and â€Å"kuripot† (stingy); Pampangueno, â€Å"dugong aso† (dog blood or traitors); Batangueno, â€Å"balisong† (knife-wielding); Bicolanos, â€Å"sili† ( pepper or hot people). 2. Patterns of Competition, Conflict and Domination When ethnocentric attitudes are coupled with intergroup competition for territory and scarce resources, an explosive social situation may arise. When two groups both strive for the same things- and they perceive their respective claims to be mutually exclusively and legitimate- the stage is set for conflict. In modern societies, the state has become the vehicle that enables one group to dominate and keep the other group subordinate. In sum, competition supplies the motivation for systems of stratification, and ethnocentrism directs competition along racial and ethnic lines, but power determines which group will subjugate the other (Noel, 1972; Barth and Noel, 1975). 3. Economic and Political Subjugation The economic takeover of one nation by a more powerful one and the subsequent political and social domination of the native population is called colonialism. If the takeover of one nation is trough the military superiority of the more powerful one for the purpose of territorial expansion and establishing colonies, it is termed as military colonialism. On the other hand, if the economic takeover is made through the great technological superiority of the more powerful one, the institutionalization of their businesses in their former colonies, the control and domination of most of a colony’s natural resources, the imposition of trade policies and economic treaties favorable to their side; the establishment of outlets for their surplus capital; the need for more cheap labor, raw materials, and markets to fuel their growing economy, the process is termed neo-colonialism or economic imperialism. 4. Displacement and Segregation of the Native Population Economic and political subjugation of a minority population by a more powerful group is not the only pattern of conquest that occurs when  different racial and ethnic group meet. Displacement of native population can be made possible through the influx of powerful settlers or invaders with their vastly superior weapons. It is typically found in areas rich in natural resources and similar in geography and climate to the homeland of the invading group. Displacement takes the following forms: a.) by attrition, that is, numbers of the weaker group may die of starvation or disease either deliberately or not; b.) by population transfer; and c.) by genocide- deliberate and ruthless extermination of the weaker group. Segregation involves the enactment of laws and/or customs that restrict or prohibit contact between groups. Segregation may be ethnic or racial or based on sex or age. 5. Patterns of Accommodation and Tolerance Interracial and interethnic accommodation can be carried out through miscegenation or amalgamation- the intermarriage of members of the majority and minority groups. This can result in the blending of their various customs and values and the creation of a new cultural hybrid. This involves a cultural and biological blending in which the customs and values of both groups are to some extent preserved and their biological characteristics appear in the offspring. 6. Patterns of Acculturation and Assimilation Acculturation and assimilation are two very important concepts in sociology and anthropology that describe cross cultural effects on both minorities as well as majorities in societies that are multi ethnic and multi cultural in nature. Assimilation is a broader concept as described by sociologist Jean Piaget and refers to the manner in which people take new information. There are many people who think of the two concepts as same and even use them interchangeably. If you belong to a minority community in a country and retain your own culture but cannot remain isolated and are affected by the majority culture in such a way that you adapt to some aspects of the majority culture, the process is referred to as acculturation. Assimilation is a process whereby people of a culture learn to adapt to the ways of the majority culture. There is a loss of one’s own culture as a  person gives more value to the cultural aspects of the majority community in the process of assimilation. What is the difference between Acculturation and Assimilation? †¢ Meeting of cultures always produces results in terms of changes in both the cultures, and acculturation and assimilation refer to two important and different changes in these cultures. †¢ Assimilation refers to the process where some of the majority community’s cultural aspects are absorbed in such a manner that the home cultural aspects get mitigated or lost. †¢ Acculturation is a process where the cultural aspects of the majority community are adapted without losing the traditions and customs of the minority community. †¢ Minority culture changes in the case of assimilation whereas it remains intact in the case of acculturation. 7. Patterns of cultural Pluralism or Ethnic Diversity Cultural pluralism refers to the coexistence of different racial or ethnic groups each of which retains its own cultural identity and social structural networks, while participating equally in the economic and political systems. (Light, 1985) In pluralistic society, each group retains its own language, religion and customs, and its members tend to interact socially primarily among themselves. Yet all jointly participate in the economic and political systems and live in harmony and peaceful â€Å"coexistence†. A prime example of such an arrangement can be found in Switzerland. There, people of German, French, and Italian heritage preserve their distinct cultural ways while coexisting peacefully and equally. No one group enjoys special privileges or is discriminated against. ETHNIC GROUPS IN THE PHILIPPINES Ethnic groups in the Philippines are classified according to certain physical, cultural, linguistic, religious and geographic criteria. A. According to distinctive physical traits 1. The Negritoes who are regarded as the aborigines of the Philippines. 2. The Indonesian- Malayan stock which is predominant among the Filipinos. 3. The Chinese who make up the largest national group. 4. The Americans and the Spaniards, and a few other Europeans who came as  colonizers. B. According to cultural standpoints 1. Cultural minorities or cultural communities 2. Muslims 3. Christian groups C. According to linguistic groupings PANAMIN reports that there are about 87 ethno linguistic groups in the Philippines-e.g., Tagalog, Ilokano, Waray, Hiligaynon, Kapampangan, Ilonggo, etc. D. According to religion 1. Roman Catholics 2. Muslims 3. Aglipayans 4. Protestants 5. Iglesia ni Cristo 6. Buddhists 7. Jehovah’s witnesses 8. Other religious sects. E. Muslims of Southern Philippines The Muslims make up the largest single non-Christian group. They have nine ethno-linguistic groups, namely: 1. Taosug 2. Maranao 3. Maguindanao 4. Samal 5. Yakan 6. Sanggil 7. Badjao 8. Molbog 9. Jama Mapun From the Spanish regime to the present, Muslim and Christian intergroup  relationships have been characterized by animosity and suspicion. This has been expressed in the Muslims’ ongoing resentment of Christian settlers and attempts at secession to form an independent Mindanao. Muslim revolutionary groups the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and the Bangsai Moro Liberation Front (BMLF) want Mindanao, Sulu, and Palawan to secede from the Philippines. THE CULTURAL COMMUNITIES AND THE CHRISTIAN FILIPINOS The non-Christian Filipinos now known as cultural communities make up 10% of the total national population. They have maintained their culture in their clothes, art, religion, ethnic dialect, customs, traditions and other superficial differences. There are 77 major ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines. III. GROUP REFLECTION Within sociology, the terms race, ethnicity, minority, and dominant group all have very specific and different meanings. To understand the sociological perspective on race and ethnicity, it is important to understand the meanings of these concepts. An ethnic group is a social category of people who share a common culture, such as a common language, a common religion, or common norms, customs, practices, and history. Ethnic groups have a consciousness of their common cultural bond. An ethnic group does not exist simply because of the common national or cultural origins of the group, however. They develop because of their unique historical and social experiences, which become the basis for the group’s ethnic identity. For example, prior to immigration to the United States, Italians did not think of themselves as a distinct group with common interests and experiences. However, the process of immigration and the experiences they faced as a group in the United States, including dis crimination, created a new identity for the group. Some examples of ethnic groups include Italian Americans, Polish Americans, Mexican Americans, Arab Americans, and Irish Americans. Ethnic groups are also found in other societies, such as the Pashtuns in Afghanistan or the Shiites in Iraq, whose ethnicity is base on religious differences. Like ethnicity, race is primarily, though not exclusively, a socially constructed category. A race is a group that is treated as distinct in society based on certain characteristics. Because of their biological or cultural characteristics, which are labeled as inferior by powerful groups in society, a race is often singled out for differential and unfair treatment. It is not the biological characteristics that define racial groups, but how groups have been treated historically and socially. Society assigns people to racial categories (White, Black, etc.) not because of science or fact, but because of opinion and social experience. In other  words, how racial groups are defined is a social process; it is socially constructed. A minority group is any distinct group in society that shares common group characteristics and is forced to occupy low status in society because of prejudice and discrimination. A group may be classified as a minority on the basis of ethnicity, race, sexual preference, age, or class status. It is important to note that a minority group is not necessarily the minority in terms of numbers, but it is a group that holds low status in relation to other groups in society (regardless of the size). The group that assigns a racial or ethnic group to subordinate status in society is called the dominant group. There are several sociological theories about why prejudice, discrimination, and racism exist. Current sociological theories focus mainly on explaining the existence of racism, particular institutional racism. The three major sociological perspectives (functionalist theory, symbolic interaction theory, and conflict theory) each have their own explanations to the existence of racism. Functionalist theorists argue that in order for race and ethnic relations to be functional and contribute to the harmonious conduct and stability of society, racial and ethnic minorities must assimilate into that society. Assimilation is a process in which a minority becomes absorbed into the dominant society – socially, economically, and culturally. Symbolic interaction theorists look at two issues in relation to race and ethnicity. First, they look at the role of social interaction and how it reduces racial and ethnic hostility. Second, they look at how race and ethnicity are socially constructed. In essence, symbolic interactionists ask the question, â€Å"What happens when two people of different race or ethnicity come in contact with one another and how can such interracial or interethnic contact reduce hostility and conflict?† The basic argument made by conflict theorists is that class-based conflict is an inherent and fundamental part of society. These theorists thus argue that racial and ethnic conflict is tied to class conflict and that in order to reduce racial and ethnic conflict, class conflict must first be reduced.

Instagram Marketing Strategy How to Build One the Best Way (Template)

Instagram Marketing Strategy How to Build One the Best Way (Template) Instagram has the potential to be a powerful part of your brands overall marketing plan. However, you can’t just post, sit back, and wait for success to happen by magic. You need to create an Instagram marketing strategy that establishes your goals (and lays out a game plan to achieve them). That involves everything from finding your target audience, to outlining a clear content strategy for the platform, to actually creating posts and measuring their performance. Read on to learn how to plan it all effectively. You might want to get some coffee now, because we have a lot of ground to cover. Grab Your Free Instagram Marketing Strategy Template Planning an effective strategy doesnt have to take a lot of time. Download this editable deck and complete it as you read. By the time you’re done, you’ll have a full strategy ready to present to your team. Pretty slick, right?Instagram Marketing Strategy: How To Build One The Best Way (Free Template)Did You Know You Can Schedule Instagram Posts In ? It’s true! Using the mobile app (available for iOS  and Android), you can create and schedule Instagram posts alongside all your other social media content. Check out this live demo recap to see how it works: Then, try it yourself free for 14 days. We think you’ll be impressed. How Can Brands Benefit From Instagram? Instagram is an incredibly popular platform with a large user base and high engagement rates. In fact, according to the PEW Research Center  as of 2016, 33% of adults on the internet are on Instagram. And according to TechCrunch, as of April 2017, Instagram has over 700 million active users. In other words, you have a big audience to reach. That audience is active, too. Over half of Instagram’s user base logs into the app daily according to the same PEW research study. Over half of Instagram's user base logs into the app daily.While Instagram is particularly popular with Millennials (about 59% of its overall user base as of 2016), 33% of its userbase is between the ages of 30-44, and 18% between 50-64. So if your target audience is above the age of 50, Instagram may not be your best platform option. However, if your target audience is younger, Instagram could be a goldmine for your brand. Recommended Reading: How to Get Way More Instagram Followers With 20 Easy Tactics Step One: Set Your Goals The first step in creating your Instagram strategy is to set overarching business goals and select metrics to track progress toward them. Start by setting goals for your business. These goals are what help keep the lights on and the company up and running. Examples of business goals could include: Increasing Brand Awareness: How many people know your business exists? Encouraging Customer Loyalty: What keeps people coming back to you (instead of your competition)? Driving More Revenue: Businesses need money, right? Some example business goals that your team could create are: "Increase brand audience by 55% by end of the year." "Increase sales of x product by 35% by the end of Q1." The next step in your goal setting process is selecting metrics to track. Some metrics we could select for the goal above might include: Follower growth. Are people finding you and following your profile? Post engagement rate. From there, are they actually engaging with your posts? Leads generated from profile link clicks. Finally, are they taking the next step and trying your products or services? The key is select Instagram marketing metrics that directly tie back into overall business goals. Your Instagram goals also need to be S.M.A.R.T (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Timely). So let’s break down an example: â€Å"We want to increase our Instagram engagement rate by 25% this quarter.† Here's how this goal fits into the SMART framework: S: It’s specific in the fact that your team knows what needs to be accomplished. M: The 50% is a numerical measurement which can be calculated based . You know immediately if the goal was met or not. A: Depending on your current engagement rate growth, your team will need to assess if 25% is   a realistic goal. For example, if you are already experiencing a 17% growth rate 25% is not necessarily out of range. R: Growing your engagement rate on Instagram makes sense because the more your fans engage with your content, the more likely they are to remember you. T: You have a set deadline (one quarter)  to complete your goal. Recommended Reading: How to Set Social Media Goals to Crush Your Business Objectives Once you have a series of social media goals set you can then look to your Instagram strategy to see how the channel can help you accomplish your goals. For the sake of this post, we’re going to pretend we’re a local bookstore called ’s Corner. Three smart goals that our marketing team created are: Increase the number of younger people following us on Instagram by 50% in 6 months. Increase the brand awareness of our store in the area in 3 months by 25%. Increase engagement by 50% on each photo that we post. How can Instagram help your team accomplish those goals? The first one is simple. Instagram has a high number of young people in its user base. Therefore it would make sense that your team utilizes that channel to reach a younger audience. To prove the strategy is working you can check the in app analytics or Google Analytics and pull demographical data for your Instagram channel. The second goal requires a bit more strategy and analysis. Brand awareness  can come in many forms, and there are many different tools like Google Analytics, Brandwatch  and more that can be used to track that growth. The final goal is quite easy to connect to Instagram due to its nature of being an incredibly visual platform  and highly engaging platform. But how can you calculate the engagement rate of each of your Instagram posts. The formula is: So if your team has 157 comments and likes on one photo, you would divide that number by your total current followers and multiply by 100. (100 likes + 57 comments) / 2569 followers x 100 = 6.11% engagement rate. Recommended Reading: How to Improve Your Instagram Engagement With 15 Tips Step Two: Find Your Audience On Instagram The next part of your Instagram marketing strategy will be to find your audience. Finding your audience is a key part of your strategy because without knowing who your content is targeting you end up throwing it into the massive pile of Instagram posts with no direction to get it out. How do you find your audience? First,  you need to find the demographic data from the audience you are currently attracting. This will help your team determine if Instagram is the right channel for your target audience. If you’re on Instagram, open your app and click the analytics bar graph in the upper right-hand corner: Scroll through the in app analytics until you find followers: Click on See More to see a full breakdown of the age range of your audience: If your Instagram is pulling in the age range of your target audience it would make sense to maximize your resources on the channel. If not, Instagram could be a secondary awareness channel for your team. Once you know whether or not your target audience is utilizing Instagram, you can begin to tailor your content based on what your audience is interacting the most with. It could be content centered around: Problems they are experiencing. People are turning to your company for answers to issues that are surfacing in their daily lives, whether they’re looking for a plumber to fix a clogged drain or a dress to wear for their next event. Center your content around ways that you can help solve those problems. Information they're seeking. Maybe they need to know about the best type of chew toy for a new puppy, so your content could feature different chew toys with captions on what age and breed would enjoy them the most. Company culture and recruiting. People love seeing what’s going on behind the scenes at your office. Not only does it help humanize your brand, it can also help recruit new team members. Recommended Reading: How to Find Your Target Audience And Create the Best Content That Connects Step Three: Optimize Your Profile The way you create your company profile on Instagram plays a significant role in your success on the social media site. There are three main pieces on your profile that need to be 100% completed otherwise, you’re going to miss out connecting with potential customers. Those pieces are: An Instagram Business account. A profile picture. A snappy bio. Make Sure You Have A Business Account You may notice that your standard Instagram account doesn’t have a space for links. That’s because website links and analytics features are only accessible if your Instagram is operating under a business account. Setting your business account up is easy (and free). Log into your company profile and click on settings: Scroll until you find Switch to Business Profile: Toggle that switch to on, and Instagram will walk you through how to create your business profile. Once your account is set you should see business settings in your profile: Optimal-sized profile picture The standard profile picture on Instagram is 110px by 110px. It’s also important to note that Instagram’s profile pictures are round and usually quite small, so the less detail you can include in your profile picture the better. Many companies stick to using their logo like this: Optimize Your Bio The second step in optimizing your Instagram profile involves creating a short and snappy bio that encompasses who you are as a company in 150 characters or less. Some tips to help your team craft that bio are utilizing your tagline  (those are already short), pulling three descriptive adjectives that encompass your company or shortening your mission statement down to a sentence. Check out how Nike got their bio down to three simple words: So how do you create a really awesome snappy bio? Start with the following fill in the blank exercise: _[Company]_ is [adjective], [adjective], and driven to provide [issue your company solves or service your company provides]. Filled out it would look like: Corner  is a local, creative bookstore that is driven to provide a welcoming environment that fosters a love of reading for all ages. (Note: Corner is not an actual bookstore, but that would be cool if it was!) The final character count is 142. Now let’s say that you’re over in count, how can you fix it? Cut out your company name, they can already see it in your username: A local, creative bookstore that is driven to provide a welcoming environment that fosters a love of reading for all ages. Still over? Cut as much fluff out as possible. Words like â€Å"that† can almost always be cut out: A local, creative bookstore, driven to provide a welcoming environment fostering  a love of reading for all ages. Once you’ve edited out the fluff, your bio is ready to go. Recommended Reading: How to Increase Visibility With Social Media Optimization Include A Link To Your Website It’s important to note that Instagram does not allow links in posts, so the only chance your fans will have to see your site is if it’s included in your bio. You can change up the link based on what types of content you’re posting and what you want to drive your fans to: Step Four: Find Your Voice And Tone Instagram is prime space to show off your brand’s voice and tone. Why? Because Instagram is a personal platform which means the more that you can bring your company’s personality into the better. But how do you develop your voice and tone? Voice is the overall sound and personality of your business. It encompasses who you are as a brand and allows your audience to establish a connection with you. How can you develop your voice? List three adjectives and then find its opposite counterpart like this: Intelligent but not cocky. Humorous but not silly. Professional but not stuffy. Check out this list to help you get started: Mailchimp’s voice and tone  brand guidelines are a great example of how to format your voice adjectives. So you covered voice, but what about tone? Tone is the inflection of your voice, which details how you say something. Think of it almost like subtext. Your tone will change depending on the situation. So what does a solid Instagram voice and tone sound like? Starbucks Starbucks is known for its friendly, conversational language. They’re also great at integrating emojis and hashtags into their content as well: When your coffee matches your city. #IcedCaramelMacchiato Regram: @yogafawzi A post shared by Starbucks Coffee (@starbucks) on Aug 4, 2017 at 9:16am PDT Barnes and Noble Barnes and Noble works hard to foster a love of books through positive language and inspiring imagery: Best. Year. Ever. Get ready for the new school year with fun supplies, book bags more must-haves! in bio A post shared by Barnes Noble (@barnesandnoble) on Aug 21, 2017 at 1:39pm PDT Lowe’s Home Improvement Lowe’s Instagram focuses on DIY home improvements which means their voice and tone is usually helpful and insightful: @ourhappycarmonhome gave an old dining buffet new life with a fresh coat of paint. Let's see your creative storage solutions using #lowesproject. A post shared by Lowe's Home Improvement (@loweshomeimprovement) on Aug 23, 2017 at 8:27am PDT

The Ins and Outs of the Madreporite

The Ins and Outs of the Madreporite The madreporite is an essential part of the circulation system in echinoderms. Through this plate, which is also called a sieve plate, the echinoderm draws in seawater and expels water to fuel its vascular system. The madreporite functions like a trap door through which water can move in and out in a controlled manner. Composition of the Madreporite The name of this structure came from its resemblance to a genus of stony corals called madrepora. These corals have grooves and many small pores. The madreporite is made of calcium carbonate and is covered in pores. It also looks grooved like some stony corals.   Function of the Madreporite Echinoderms dont have a circulatory system of blood. Instead, they rely on water for their  circulatory system, which is called a water vascular system. But the water doesnt flow freely in and out - it flows in and out through a valve, which is the madreporite. Cilia beating in the pores of the madreporite bring the water in and out.   Once the water is inside the echinoderms body, it flows into canals throughout the body. While water can enter a sea stars body through other pores, the madreporite plays an important part in maintaining the osmotic pressure needed to maintain the sea stars body structure. The madreporite also may help protect the sea star and keep it functioning properly. Water drawn in through the madreporite passes into   Tiedemanns bodies, which are pockets where the water picks up  amoebocytes, cells that can move throughout the body and help with different functions.    Examples of Animals With a Madreporite Most echinoderms have a madreporite. Animals in this phylum include sea stars, sand dollars, sea urchins and sea cucumbers. Some animals, like some large species of sea stars, may have multiple madreporites. The madreporite is located on the aboral (top) surface in sea stars, sand dollars, and sea urchins, but in brittle stars, the madreporite is on the oral (bottom) surface. Sea cucumbers have a madreporite, but its located inside the body. Can You See the Madreporite? Exploring a tide pool and find an echinoderm? If youre looking to see the madreporite, it is probably most visible on sea stars.  The madreporite on a  sea star  (starfish) is often visible as a small, smooth spot on the sea stars upper side, located off-center. It is often made up of a color that contrasts with the rest of the sea star (e.g., a bright white, yellow, orange, etc.). Sources Coulombe, D.A. 1984. The Seaside Naturalist. Simon Schuster. 246pp.Ferguson, J.C. 1992. The Function of the Madreporite in Body Fluid Volume Maintenancy by an Intertidal Starfish, Pisaster ochraceus. Biol.Bull. 183:482-489.Mah, C.L. 2011.  Secrets of the Starfish Sieve Plate Madreporite Mysteries. The Echinoblog. Accessed September 29, 2015.Meinkoth, N.A. 1981. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Seashore Creatures. Alfred A. Knopf: New York.

How to Format PHP Text

How to Format PHP Text So youve gone through the PHP  tutorials  or are new to PHP in general, and you can make some nifty things in PHP, but they all look like plain text. How do you jazz them up? Formatting PHP text isnt done with PHP; its done with HTML. You can do this in two ways. You can add HTML inside the PHP code or you can add the PHP code inside the HTML. Either way, the file must be saved as a .php or another file type that is allowed to execute PHP on your server. Changing PHP Text Color Using HTML Inside PHP For example, to change the PHP text color to red. Hello World!; ? In this case, the hex color number #ff0000 sets the PHP text that follows it to red. The number could be replaced by other  hex color numbers for other colors. Notice the HTML code is located inside the echo.   Changing PHP Text Color Using  PHP Inside HTML The same effect is achieved with the following code, which uses PHP inside HTML. In the second example, a single line of PHP is inserted inside the HTML. Although here it is only a line to make the text red in this example, it could be inside a fully formatted HTML page to get any look you want. Types of Formatting Available in HTML It is easy to make text formatting changes to PHP text inside HTML. Although many of these formatting commands have been suspended in Cascading Style Sheets, they all still work in HTML. Some of the text formatting commands that can be used include: Bold - Italic -      Underline -  Strike-out -   or  Small -  Font size -   , replace the ? with a number from 1 to 7, 1 being the smallestCenter text -   A complete list of text formatting tags is available.

Accounting treatment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Accounting treatment - Essay Example The justification of the company’s fair role has a clear reflection in the management of its accounting. This report is conducted to analyze the impact of organizational fairness in accounting activities on the performance of company managers along with the impact on managers perception in return of fair treatment of the organization. Another important purpose for writing this paper is to analyze the importance of conducting experimental research in the management accounting. Good managers are considered as assets for the organization. It is very important for the organizations to contain managers with positive attitude for the organizational activities regarding the fairness and legal obligations. The role of accountant is very critical in the organization because the accountant knows all about the cash flows and the overall money management of the company. All the managers have knowledge regarding the fairness of company’s operations and activities. It is believed tha t fair compensation system can improve the performance of the employees in the organization. The fair compensation system is a part of fair management accounting system in the company. This research paper will justify the importance of fair treatment of organization in improving the productivity of the organization. ... Organization has a responsibility towards the government to pay complete taxes without any kind of disobedience and illegal activity. All the obligations that are imposed by the government in the organizational and industrial act should be followed by every organization to play a fair role in the country. Nowadays, it is not easy for the companies to play fair role in all the aspects of the business because competition has become very stiff and every company is seeking to get the competitive edge by any means. Therefore in such kind of environment it is difficult to manage all the operations with fairness. In the presence of this fact still the organizations are liable to fulfill all the obligations that are imposed by the government to justify its social beneficial existence in the country. Fairness in all the parts of the organization has a very positive impact on the employees and managers who are working in the organization (Kumari, 116 – 128). It is easy for the company m anagers to observe the fairness in accounting system of the company because it is completely based on figures so it is has become easy for the mangers to evaluate the fair treatment of organization. Therefore, it can be concluded with the fact that fairness in management accounting activities can justify the fairness of organization among the managers. This topic has got a great importance in present competitive world that’s why this topic has been selected for further exploration on this area. Now come specifically to understand the importance of this research paper. The consideration of fairness in the organizational activities has a significant impact on the overall performance of the business,

An application of Electromagnetics Theory (see directions) Research Paper - 1

An application of Electromagnetics Theory (see directions) - Research Paper Example In the overview of the EMF applications, the main aim of this paper is to analyze the manner in which the electromagnetic theory has been applied and some of the benefits and disadvantages of its use. The analysis will also focus on its application for instance in the case of the low 3d frequency electromagnetic modeling of the human eye with elemental boundaries that are applicable to the (CK) conductive keratoplasty (Lindebaum 298). The surgical technique (CK) Conductive keratoplas is an example of an application that utilizes the electromagnetic theory. It entails a process where the cornea is penetrated by the use of a thin electrode that sends radio-frequency pulse energy to the environs surrounding the tissues in the eye. The heat energy from the electromagnetic is then dispelled into the tissues, which not only tighten thermally but also shrink the lamellae collagen. This process allows the doctors to cure common eye diseases like astigmatism and far-sightedness and correct the cornea’s shape (Itin 3361). A much more technical description of the CK process would include; it being understood from the perspective that biological tissue all have different permatives and conductives and due to this aspect the exposure of biological tissues to low intensity systems and high voltages should be preferably don in such electrical fields. Therefore, low frequency electromagnetic field calculations require boundary element method (BEM) and macroscopic Maxwell equations in their applications, which will later be used to solve the electric problem in the eye (Wolpe 388). Combination of discontinuous and continuous collocations nodes can be used where there are possible potentials that will have to be attached and assigned to the nodes continuously and the discontinuous nodes can be attached and assigned to the electric fields. Through this, there

Bronze Mirrors of Ancient Chinese Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bronze Mirrors of Ancient Chinese Art - Essay Example In the beginning, bronze mirrors had a very low and rough quality. However, during the Warring States, Western and Eastern Han dynasties, these mirrors qualities had improved considerably. Like its glass counterpart, the bronze mirror is smoothly polished on one side to reflect the image of its user. The other side is decorated with inscriptions and adorned with carvings, thus turning it into a valuable art object. During the time of the Warring States, the mirror had a ring of decorations such as animal masks, dragons or flowers. When the Western Han phase begun the mirror became thicker with supernatural beings and geometric patterns. Apart from pictures, the mirrors were also beginning to contain inscribed words which stated emotions like "keep me in mind, forget me not." By the 10th century this mirror's shape began to change. It could be round or oblong and also be with or without handles. Bronze mirrors were found in the tombs of individuals living in Ancient China. These mirrors were said to represent love for the Chinese living in those times. As a love token, these mirrors were buried in tombs to ensure that the love was carried on in the afterworld. The belief held by the people of Ancient China meant that there a life in the hereafter. The soul was believed to live on after death. However, the trip to the afterlife meant that the dead would have to drink a potion. This potion was responsible for making them forget the memories of their lifetime. Couples who wished to remain together were buried with a half of the mirror. When they entered the afterworld, they would meet and match their mirrors. This allowed them to live their lives together. Thus, the bronze mirror was a symbol of love which allowed devoted couples to remain together during their lifetime and the love to prevail in the hereafter. The bronze mirror has been found in tombs and graves of many of those belonging to the Ancient Chinese civilization. This is because the mirror did not symbolize love alone. Some mirrors have been placed on top of burial chambers or at the four corners of a coffin. With placing like this it is evident that the mirror is sought to provide protection to those under it. The mirror was viewed as a spiritual entity. It was thought to assume a power that could ward of danger. Thus, by placing it on gravesites and tombs, those living in Ancient China hoped to discard and remove evil spirits that might threaten or endanger their paths. Another feature of the mirror was its ability to differentiate the corrupt from the honest. This was especially so because of the number of officials who worked in the Imperial courts in Ancient China. These individuals would be dishonest and create a deterrent for the ruling King to be successful. An Ancient Chinese myth claimed that the mirror could show the true divinity of the soul. While it was not helpful in removing the fraudulent officials of court, it was still held with the greatest regard by the people of the time. Thus, the mirror was also viewed as an object that did not merely reflect the physical image of its looker but also the spiritual essence of his soul. It was responsible for showing not only the faults of the gazer but also the knowledge he possessed. The mirror was felt to see the individual in their entirety. Bronze mirrors are found in various museums today and are a valued item

Science Meets Real Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Science Meets Real Life - Essay Example By using the precepts of the scientific methods, it follows that critical thinking in essence is employed. This is not limited to the study of science but to all other disciplines which delves on sought-after solutions to problems. Through the testing and answering of personal questions which leads to plausible answers scientific thinking is used. This is in essence thinking correctly and coming up with reliable answers in most aspects in life. The process of scientific thinking and critical thinking is one and the same in practice and theory. It may only be within the grounds of who uses what wherein the difference lies but both are used by human beings regularly (Schafersman, 1997). Upon arriving at home and finding out that the light would not turn on begins the process of scientific inquiry. Faced with the recognition of a change within the surroundings of the house, the initial progression within the method was conceived, the acknowledgement of a problem. Simple logic suggests that one should exhaust efforts to locate and solve the problem. The mature thing to do is to remedy the dilemma sensibly and not be infantile about the situation. When a problem arises, it only becomes aggravated when not dealt with the utmost perception of common reason. In this case the problem encompasses a number of things. The fact that the lights would not turn on is the main problem. Second, it is already well within the night and I would be hesitant about calling a handyman for reasons that include, one, I would assume it is already past their working schedule and two, I have some confidence I may be able to solve the problem myself. Another problem that comes with it is that the problem is located in part of the house which is dark and would therefore be a further complication on the matter at hand. On this stage the most conceivable thing to do is to go back in memory and think of the most relevant details

Natural Environment and the Urban Centres Essay

Natural Environment and the Urban Centres - Essay Example Sao Paulo was not a highly developed and industrialised city with a population of 65,000 in 1890 compared to Rio de Janiero of almost half a million. With the development of manufacturing enterprise in Sao Paulo, the population increased by 240, 000 in 1900s because of immigration. Sao Paulo constantly evolves into a productive city, which becomes the centre of manufacturing business that is the source of Brazil’s total industrial product. The Metropolitan of Sao Paulo has population of 16.4 million that implies of the need to extend the area from the centre, which accounts for 8,051 km (Cohen, 2006, p.38). Thus, as the population grows, the there is the larger need for space or area to accommodate residents. Cohen (2006) indicates that adjacent to the development is the transformation of the physical and social structure of a city. The attraction of huge investments to construct airports, manufacturing plants, and wide office space transferred to ‘urban fringe.’ The urban centre of Sao Paulo became the command area that dispersed in the regional or global operation, for example, telecommunications, law office, banking, information services, and management.Due to the development in Sao Paulo, it faces many environmental and ecological concerns such as sanitation, traffic congestion, and pollution. These signs are the effects of urban sprawl.   Pohanka (2004, p.242) defines urban sprawl as the ratio of agricultural lands converted to residential areas to shelter the growing population.

Separation of power in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Separation of power in the UK - Essay Example The principle of separation of powers had leveraged many constitution makers, philosophers like Montesquieu whom all had intense thinking to this maxim. Even though the United Kingdom constitution is unwritten, it is a golden doctrine of separation of powers for other countries to follow. Back in 1748, Montesquieu- a French jurist- put forward his hypothesis that â€Å"there can be no freedom† and thought, â€Å"Everything would terminate if the judicial, legislative and executive powers of the government were to be involved by the same individual or authority. In the United Kingdom, the law is separated into three powers; judicial, executive and legislative. The judiciary plays an important role in United Kingdom politics. The judiciary comprises of, the royal court, Supreme Court, crown court and the magistrate courts. It should be apolitical, and any rulings made, for instance on government legislation, must be in a free and fair manner without any element of political bias (Lovell, 2003; p 54). Nevertheless, different aspects about Judiciary raise a string of questions lately: judicial supremacy, judicial independence and judicial neutrality. The courts of England are Crown Court’s jurisdiction is strong because of the power of the Crown. The executive oversees the function of the Crown with relevance to Royal prerogative. The executive has no right to delay the process of common justice. It is a law that goes back down the memory lane over a century ago. Moreover, the executive has no mandate to pressure judges. Especially into acting in ways other than impartiality. In the Act of settlement in 1701, judges in higher courts had the privilege of remaining judges as long as they had shown â€Å"good behavior†. If they were guilty of bad behavior then a legal approach to have them fired was an option. For the large number of judges, there is no such thing. Thus, it guarantees them a security of tenure within their

Natural Environment and the Urban Centres Essay

Natural Environment and the Urban Centres - Essay Example Sao Paulo was not a highly developed and industrialised city with a population of 65,000 in 1890 compared to Rio de Janiero of almost half a million. With the development of manufacturing enterprise in Sao Paulo, the population increased by 240, 000 in 1900s because of immigration. Sao Paulo constantly evolves into a productive city, which becomes the centre of manufacturing business that is the source of Brazil’s total industrial product. The Metropolitan of Sao Paulo has population of 16.4 million that implies of the need to extend the area from the centre, which accounts for 8,051 km (Cohen, 2006, p.38). Thus, as the population grows, the there is the larger need for space or area to accommodate residents. Cohen (2006) indicates that adjacent to the development is the transformation of the physical and social structure of a city. The attraction of huge investments to construct airports, manufacturing plants, and wide office space transferred to ‘urban fringe.’ The urban centre of Sao Paulo became the command area that dispersed in the regional or global operation, for example, telecommunications, law office, banking, information services, and management.Due to the development in Sao Paulo, it faces many environmental and ecological concerns such as sanitation, traffic congestion, and pollution. These signs are the effects of urban sprawl.   Pohanka (2004, p.242) defines urban sprawl as the ratio of agricultural lands converted to residential areas to shelter the growing population.

Equity and Trusts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Equity and Trusts - Essay Example The constitution requirement is that the settler can declare himself the trustee of the settllor by transferring property to trustees. Notably, a trust must also be constituted, which is not achieved until the legal title to the property held under trust has been successfully transferred to trustees, which must follow the proper formalities. If a trust is not constituted, then the beneficiaries cannot claim anything because it is not enforceable. Therefore, Diana should assess whether the three sets of assets held on trust for her is enforceable. According to Turner LJ in Milroy v Lord, for a voluntary settlement to be effectual and valid, a settler is supposed to fulfil everything, which is needed in order to legally transfer the property and which must be in accordance to the nature of the property being settled. Therefore, the executor appointed by Sindy should note that for the entire asset left for her daughter and grandchildren to constitute a trust, Sindy must have transferred the trust property to the trustees and at the same complied with the specific formalities that are necessary for such assets to make a legal transfer, or else, since equity cannot perfect an imperfect gift, the trust will not be valid. Seemingly, Sindy has complied with specific formalities when transferring the assets to the trustees, but transfer of the assets to the respective trustees remains questionable because she died before fulfilling some of her intentions. Her attempts to ensure that the transfer is legal include attaching.

Watsons Theory of Human Caring Essay Example for Free

Watsons Theory of Human Caring Essay A caring moment can be defined in many different ways by many different people. To me a caring moment between a patient and a nurse is when a nurse gives the patient their undivided attention. The nurse should take the time to listen to the patient and provide appropriate feedback reassuring the patient that they are being heard and the information as well as them are important. If the patient will allow the nurse to touch them this can be a very comforting gesture even if it is just a brief touch to the hand. Also repeat what the patient stated letting them know that you understood (Watson, 2009). Jean Watson, a nurse, who through personal experiences, beliefs, values and, higher education states that the focus of nursing is human caring, According to Lukose (2011) Caring and the healing task is more heart-centered than conventional nursing practice and extends to examine self and others. The major concepts of Watsons theory of human caring in the caring-healing process has expanded over the years, but based off her theory that it is According to Lukose (2011) connected with the high energy of the universe. Watsons states that the nurse creates a healing environment through forgiveness, compassion and love. Also that by using carative factors and a transpersonal relationship the nurse will be able to treat the whole patient (mind, body, and soul). For a couple of years I was the diabetic nurse at a county jail. I had a diabetic patient that was new to the jail and I was seeing the patient for the first time. I always tried to make my patients feel comfortable by having them sit in a chair and I did the same so we would be on the same level. This particular patient was very angry and did not want to speak about his disease process. Every time I would ask him a question trying to obtain some sort of history he would give answers like I dont care or none of it matters anymore. I continued to see him on a weekly basis trying to find a way to help him start caring again. I would get a little information from him, but I did start to discover that he had been going through some very hard times. The things that had happened to him led him to start drinking alcohol and using drugs which was how he ended up in jail. I continually would try to get him to take his diabetic medications. He also had hypertension and hyperlipidemia and would not take the medications for those either. This went on for two months with him telling me to just leave him alone he is not worth the trouble. I would order laboratory studies he would refuse, I would order medications and he would also refuse those. I usually tried to have face to face visits with the diabetic patients at least twice a week and had one day where I had quite a few patients to see. This patient was on my schedule but not until later in the day. It seemed like everyone was having a bad day almost every patient that I saw was angry and taking it out on me and I was feeling very frustrated. By the time I got to this patient I was fed up, only to hear him tell me how I was wasting my time he was not going to change his mind. So I just looked at him and said I do not even know why I continue to do this, nobody cares anyway as I said this I had tears in my eyes and told the patient he could just go ahead and leave, and he did. I, of course, continued to work as the diabetic nurse but my heart was not in it at all. The next week came and I had another face to face with this patient. When he came into the examination room he was different, I had his medication record and a record of his vital signs and blood glucose checks but had not looked at them. He started to talk before I had a chance, he told me that when he left from the previous visit that he went back to his room and prayed the entire night. He said that God told him that he needed to start following his treatment plan. I than looked at his records and saw that he had been taking all of his medications and that blood pressure and blood glucose numbers were decreasing. I could not believe it, I just looked at him dumbfounded. The patient told me he felt great and that I needed to keep continue what I was doing because I really did make a difference and had changed his life. I must have looked so silly because I was crying and smiling at the same time. He said that he just could not believe that someone cared that much about what happened to him. I continued to see that patient for several more months, and he would tell me how he had started to repair all of the relationships in his life through understanding, forgiveness and god. I learned that I should continue to care for the whole patient with love and accept them for who they are (Caruso, Cisar, Pipe, 2008). Continuing to show this patient how much I cared through my perseverance made a difference in both of our lives. I created a healing and caring environment in an environment that could be harsh with a lack of positive human to human connection. I should not let my frustration be so apparent or voiced the that I did not even know why I became a nurse, it was not professional. I often wonder if that patient had not seen the effect he had on me that he may have never realized that I truly did care. In a different environment I would have been able to enhance this caring moment by being able to give more of my time to the patient and provide even more education. The nursing metaparadigm applied to this patient and I was unaware of it at the time. As I am learning about nursing theories I can see it. I had individualized the nursing care for this person. I identified the mental and physical problems this patient was facing and tried to implement the appropriate measures. I used my critical thinking skills to establish the patients plan of care. I also got to know the patient and the patients lifestyle and used this in the plan of care (Sitzman, 2002). I had also utilized carative factors without any knowledge of them at the time. According to Vanenhouten, Kubusch, and Peterson (2012) Cultivation of sensitivity to ones self and others, through my own spiritual practices I was putting the patients needs before my own. According to Vanenhouten, Kubusch, and Peterson (2012) Development of a helping, trusting, human caring relationship, I continued to try to help the patient by gaining his trust and proving that I cared. According to Vanenhouten, Kubusch, and Peterson (2012) Promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings, I supported the patient and understood the barriers he was facing, and was able to make a connection with the patient that turned both of our negative feelings into a very positive experience for the both of us. According to Vanenhouten, Kubusch, and Peterson (2012) Promotion of a transpersonal teaching and learning, I took into account the patients current situation and developed his plan of care as well as all of the education I provided around his level of understanding and the barriers he faced being in jail. I reflect on this situation a lot and have told the story many times when I have come across a nurse that is feeling like giving up. A nurse really can make a difference in someones life when they are caring for a patient with their heart. Whether or not it is physical or mental a nurse can save someones life with a caring nurse-patient relationship. Caring and healing, I believe that one cannot exist without the other. Lukose, A. (2011, Jan). Developing a practice model for Watsons theory of caring. Nursing Science Quarterly, 24(1), 27-30. Caruso, E., Cisar, N., Pipe, T. (2008, April/June). Creating a healing environment: An innovative educational approach for adopting Jean Watsons theory of human caring. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 32(2). Vanenhouten, C., Kubusch, S., Peterson, M. (2012, Nov/Dec). Watsons theory of transpersonal caring Factors impacting nurses professional caring. Holistic Nursing Practice, 26(6), 326-334. Morris, D. L. (2006). Encyclopedia of nursing research (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://search.proquest.comezproxy.apollolibrary.com.docreview/189451612?acciuntid=458. Morris, D. L. (2006). Encyclopedia of nursing research (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://search.proquest.comezproxy.apollolibrary.com.docreview/189451612?acciuntid=458.

Causes of WW1 :: World War I History

Causes of WW1 I think that the First World War was the product of long-standing rivalries rather than a badly mismanaged Balkan Crisis because it was these rivalries that led to the Balkan Crisis. The Balkan Crisis may appear mismanaged because previous crises such as those in Morocco in 1905 and 1911 did not result in war. In the July Crisis Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire) despite not having conclusive proof. Austria-Hungary asked for German support to "eliminate Serbia as a power factor in the Balkans". Germany agreed, offering her full support for Austria- Hungary to start a war with Serbia, and this became known as the "blank cheque". Austria-Hungary and Germany could not have failed to realise the possibility of Russian intervention and a European war, suggesting to me that war was their objective. Austria-Hungary issued an impossible ultimatum to Serbia, which was likely to provoke a war. Serbia was given only 48 hours to reply, so was forced to think quickly, or other countries would be mobilized and ready to attack. Serbia accepted all but one point of the ultimatum. Consequently war was announced. If given more time Serbia could have discussed the issue further in a conference. The British fo reign minister, Grey suggested a conference, but this was rejected by Germany and Austria-Hungary, suggesting that they had deliberate aims for war during the Balkan Crisis, rather than the Balkan Crisis being mismanaged. There was a long-standing rivalry between Austria-Hungary and Russia due to their interests in the Balkans. Russia saw her role as leading and supporting her fellow Slav peoples in the Balkans. This Pan-Slav concept provided an ideal excuse to interfere in the Balkans and to extend Russia's influence towards the Eastern Mediterranean. Ideally Russia wished to open the Dardenelles straits to its warships. Austria-Hungary was concerned that this Russian encouragement of nationalism may threaten her borders and inspire nationalism within her own empire. In turn, Germany recognised that as Austria's closest ally her fate was linked with that of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Austria-Hungary was anxious to prevent Russian encroachment in the Balkans. This aim would be best served by the elimination of Serbia, Russia's Balkan ally. In 1878, Russia was humiliated at the Congress of Berlin when her proposal for a Greater Bulgarian state was rejected and Austria-Hungary occupied Bosnia to maint ain order amongst the nationalist revolts.

The Empiricist Journey of Young Goodman Brown Essays -- Young Goodman

The Empiricist Journey of Young Goodman Brown  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In the late 17th century, John Locke was one of the most influential people of his age. He was a renowned philosopher who established radical ideas about the political, social, and psychological ideals of mankind. One of his philosophical ideas, which he is said to be the founder of, is British Empiricism. This idea holds that "all knowledge is derived from experience whether of the mind or the senses" ("Empiricism" 480). In any man’s life, there arises such a point in time where he comes to the realization that there is a sense of evil in the world. Whether it is by something as subtle as locking the door at night before going to bed or being directly confronted at gun point as a man demands your tennis shoes, at some point man will realize that the innocence of his childhood does not last forever. Locke believed that people gain knowledge from their own personal experience. For Young Goodman Brown, this experience comes with his journey into the forest with the fellow traveler as chronicled in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story. Initially, Brown was, as his namesake foretells, a "young, good man" who believes in man’s basic goodness, yet within the inner desires of his heart wishes to see what all the world had to offer. Therefore, he set off on a "journey" into the forest to explore the world of this unknown evil. The story of "Young Goodman Brown" is a classic example of the empiricist ideas of Locke in how the intrigues of the unknown beckoned Young Brown as he experienced the transition between his initial idea of man’s basic goodness to the reality that evil exists in the heart of every man. However, before we can analyze Young Goodman Brown’s journey in the for... ...h he knows little about. Works Cited Brown, Vivenne. "The ‘Figure’ of God and the Limits to Liberalism: A Rereading of Locke’s ‘Essay’ and ‘Two Treatises’". Journal of the History of Ideas 60.1 (1999): 85. "Empiricism." New Encyclopaedia Brittanica. 1998 ed. Volume 4, 480. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. "Young Goodman Brown." The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 5th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2000. 268-276. Locke, John. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. New York: Penguin, 1974. Meyer, Michael, ed. "A Study of Three Authors: Nathaniel Hawthorne, Flannery O’Connor, and Alice Munro." The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. 5th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2000. 267. Tritt, Michael. "‘Young Goodman Brown’ and the Psychology of Projection". Studies in Short Fiction. 23 (1996): 113-117.    The Empiricist Journey of Young Goodman Brown Essays -- Young Goodman The Empiricist Journey of Young Goodman Brown  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In the late 17th century, John Locke was one of the most influential people of his age. He was a renowned philosopher who established radical ideas about the political, social, and psychological ideals of mankind. One of his philosophical ideas, which he is said to be the founder of, is British Empiricism. This idea holds that "all knowledge is derived from experience whether of the mind or the senses" ("Empiricism" 480). In any man’s life, there arises such a point in time where he comes to the realization that there is a sense of evil in the world. Whether it is by something as subtle as locking the door at night before going to bed or being directly confronted at gun point as a man demands your tennis shoes, at some point man will realize that the innocence of his childhood does not last forever. Locke believed that people gain knowledge from their own personal experience. For Young Goodman Brown, this experience comes with his journey into the forest with the fellow traveler as chronicled in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story. Initially, Brown was, as his namesake foretells, a "young, good man" who believes in man’s basic goodness, yet within the inner desires of his heart wishes to see what all the world had to offer. Therefore, he set off on a "journey" into the forest to explore the world of this unknown evil. The story of "Young Goodman Brown" is a classic example of the empiricist ideas of Locke in how the intrigues of the unknown beckoned Young Brown as he experienced the transition between his initial idea of man’s basic goodness to the reality that evil exists in the heart of every man. However, before we can analyze Young Goodman Brown’s journey in the for... ...h he knows little about. Works Cited Brown, Vivenne. "The ‘Figure’ of God and the Limits to Liberalism: A Rereading of Locke’s ‘Essay’ and ‘Two Treatises’". Journal of the History of Ideas 60.1 (1999): 85. "Empiricism." New Encyclopaedia Brittanica. 1998 ed. Volume 4, 480. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. "Young Goodman Brown." The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 5th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2000. 268-276. Locke, John. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. New York: Penguin, 1974. Meyer, Michael, ed. "A Study of Three Authors: Nathaniel Hawthorne, Flannery O’Connor, and Alice Munro." The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. 5th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2000. 267. Tritt, Michael. "‘Young Goodman Brown’ and the Psychology of Projection". Studies in Short Fiction. 23 (1996): 113-117.   

Shc34 – 2.1, 2.2 & 2.3

SHC34 – 2. 1, 2. 2 & 2. 3 Potential dilemma 1 – If a child in the setting is using their own language, religion and customs due to wishes of parents/family. Why is this a dilemma? This is a dilemma as the practitioners at the setting my not be able to understand the child, this means they will struggle to teach the child and help them develop. If the parent does not want the child to learn English it may be a problem, most of the school/setting will be speaking English.The parent may feel they are not focussing enough on this certain child's religion and also, since the child is using their own customs they may find some of ours offensive. The difficulty between my duty of care and the rights of the child – A practitioner would have a duty of care to educate the child and help them develop. The child has a right to use their own language, religion and customs of family or group, this means the practitioner could not stop the child from getting an education becaus e of their language, religion and customs, they have a right to this.Also, linking to this, the child has a right to an education, meaning you would have to provide this to the child under any circumstances. How would I deal with this situation? First of all, I would try to compromise with the parent, that the child could possibly speak English in the setting and speak their own language at home. Explain to the parent this may affect their holistic development and exactly what it will affect and how. This may be too big of a compromise, so if not I would look into getting a translator into the setting to help the child develop and learn.What could be the risks for the child? The risk here for the child is that they may not develop fully. This would be their holistic development as they will not be able to understand the practitioner when they are explaining activities and work. They will not be socialising and they may get frustrated and feel alone in the setting. Potential Dilemma 2 – If a member of the family turns up to pick a child up, one that is not supposed to due to wishes of parents/family. I will use mother as an example in this dilemma, if a mother is not allowed contact with the child. Why is this a dilemma?There is a risk of upsetting the child if they see the mother which really shouldn't happen as they should not be let in, although sometimes there could be a situation where the mother is forceful. The family member who has asked for the mother not to see the child could be upset by this, as it was against their wishes for the mother to try to contact them. The difficulty between my duty of care and the rights of the child – A practitioner would have a duty of care to protect the child, keep them safe and there had to be a reason for them not being allowed contact, they should also respect the parents/family's wishes.According to the UNCRC the child has a right for their family to be together, this means the child would normally ha ve a right to see a member of their family, but in this situation it is best not to go against the familys wishes despite that right. How would I deal with this situation? I would deal with this situation by letting the mother know that she is not permitted to enter the setting. I would explain there was no possible way she could take the child as there are certain people who are allowed to pick every child up and she is not down as one.I would ask the mother to leave the setting and if it did turn into a forceful situation I would call another member of staff to help escort this person out. If we could not get the parent to leave we would have to involve the authorities. What could be the risks for the child? The risks for this child could be a variety of different things. Without knowing the mothers background we couldn't say any specific risk as the mother could be dangerous or it could be other reasons.If the child see's this person they may get confused, they may not even recog nise them but if they do it may confuse them as they are not permanent in their life. Potential dilemma 3 – If you think a child in the setting may have a special educational need but the parent does not want them referred to find out as they do not believe the child has a special educational need. Why is this a dilemma? This is a dilemma as the child may not be able to develop properly if it is not clear if they do need extra support.They will also be sure how much support and what kind of support they need by finding out what special educational need they have. The difficulty between my duty of care and the rights of the child – As a practitioner I have a duty of care to make sure the child is developing as they should, I should be making sure the child is reaching their full potential. I would also have to respect the parents wishes. Every child with special needs should have special care and support, if the parent rejects this idea it will be very difficult to get support. How would I deal with this situation?I would try to explain to the parent how it would benefit the child to even talk to someone about their special educational need. I would explain as best I could that this was important for the child but I could also arrange something with the SENCO so they had all the information they needed to make the desicion. What could be the risks for the child? The risks in this dilemma for the child would be that they may not be developing hollistically, they would need extra support that they are not getting. This could affect the child later in life too as they may struggle in their education as they get older.It is always best to identify a special educational need at the earliest possible point as this benefits the child, they may start lacking in all area's of development the later it is left. Where to get support and advice – For certain situations it means different people to contact for support. SENCO, your manager, child protecti on officer, social services etc. These are a few people you could go to when conflicts or dilemma's arise as they may be able to support or advise you. They may be able to work beside you to get the best outome for the child and support/advise you throughout it. Danielle Le Vesconte 30105251 1578571749

Ethical or Unethical Essay

Calling in sick when you really are not is unethical because on such short notice a replacement will be difficult, if at all, to find. Someone needs to do the job that you are hired to do with or without you. Everybody at one point or another gets ill and that is understandable but every day that job is not done or done incorrectly costs the company money. If the company feels that you are costing them more than if they trained someone else with a better attendance record for your position they will let you go. Taking office supplies home for personal use is unethical and illegal because they are property of the company. Theft is something we are taught at a young age to be wrong so in essence this also goes against morals. The company loses money and they need to cover this loss by either cutting hours, laying off employees, postponing raises or giving them to some employees. You could be one of those employees without a raise indirectly affected or arrested for stealing if caught. Cheating on a work appraisal is risky if not unethical. This directly relates to money and affects many different parties directly as well as indirectly in a negative way. Profits are the difference between success and the demise of a business but cheating is a quick route to demise. A business will not support an employee whose actions put their company at such risk. Turning in a coworker for stealing is ethical in the sense of the word but may go against the morals you know growing up. Stealing is wrong but a â€Å"snitch† is not what any of us wants to be. It is a double-edged sword, the company will be grateful in knowing who is stealing from them and will eradicate that problem but then you will be a known â€Å"snitch† who can’t be trusted. Overcharging on your company expense report is seemingly harmless, but in the end who really pays? For the meantime, while you are a productive member of the staff it is acceptable but eventually may not equate to your overall production. The issue at hand is if this were ethical behavior, the answer would have to be no. You have to keep in mind this is not your money and if it were, would you be so generous. Surfing the net on company time unethical is extreme especially if it is pertaining to company business. The questionable part is whether this falls into the category of ethical or unethical. If you are surfing, the net for personable reasons that is not something the company should pay for. It is intolerable behavior and when it takes time away from your duties that is unethical and that is means for termination. If you are surfing the net after your work is completed and you still have time on the clock before your work day is done that is just taking advantage of the situation and would be worthy of a warning not to do again or else. Lying (exaggerating) about yourself (education or experience) on a resume or during a job interview is immoral which in definition is unethical but then again it has to do with your upbringing. If you do something you know is wrong then you just should not do it. If in reality it does not hurt anyone then it can be justifiable but not excused. If you know you can do the job that the description calls for but you do not possess the experience that is required, I think is something one has to decide if it is ethical. Despite the simplicity of the definition, application is more complex. (McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2009)